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1600s
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1800s
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1900s
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Sakalava Madagaskar   |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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Zambia
| 1855 Livingstone is first European to see Victoria falls, Zambia |
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@ Lusaka (from 1935), Livingstone (until 1935)
English
Constitutional Monarchy
| 1940 - 1 1 East African Campaign. Sudan, British Somaliland, Colonial Kenya, Italian Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, French Somaliland, Abyssinia UK, British Somaliland, Kenya Colony, British India, Gold Coast, Colonial Nigeria, N. Rhodesia, S. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, South Africa, Free Ethiopians, Belgium, Belgian Congo, Free French 20 then 250+ 4+ VS Italy 74, Italian E. Africa 182 Eritrean & Somalians 156 6+ 230C |
| 1940 Italian conquest of British Somaliland. Ethiopia Italy, Italian East Africa 24 465X 1.5W VS UK, India, British East Somaliland, Northern Rhodesia, British East Africa 4 38X 102W 120M 3+SomaliSoX * Fall of British Somoliland |
| 1942 Battle of Madagascar. UK, North Rhodesia, South Africa, Australia 1015 620 107X 280W 1B HD 1Ta VS German Empire Vichy France, Japan 8 150X 500W 1MSu |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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@ Mafeking (1885 - 1965 80) in South Africa
Gaborone (1965)
English
Constitutional Monarchy |
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@ Mafeking (1885 - 1965 80) in South Africa
Gaborone (1965)
English
Constitutional Monarchy |
@ Gaborone
English, Setswana
Parliamentary Republic of Botswana
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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@ Zvongombe
Shona, Ikalanga
Cult of Mwari
| 1629 Mutapa becomes a Portuguese Vassal |
1629 - 52 23 Mavura Mhande Felipe Signs treaty of Vassalage with Portugues; Dies of accidental gunshot wound.
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| 1663 Mutapa becomes a Rozwi Vassal |
| 1692 - 4 2 Nyakambira Assumes throne with Rozwi support; Rozwi vassal king of Manyika |
| 1694 Mutapa returns to Portuguese vassalage |
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@ Zvongombe
Shona, Ikalanga
Cult of Mwari
| 1712 Mutapa returns to Rozwi vassalge |
1712 - 23 11 Samatambira Nyamhandu 1 Installed by Rozwi invasion
| 1720 Mutapa independent of Rozwi |
| 1723 Moves capital to Chikova |
| 1760 Mutapa collapses in Civil War; dynasty survives in Chidima |
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@ Salisbury
English
Constitutional Monarchy
| 1940 - 1 1 East African Campaign. Sudan, British Somaliland, Colonial Kenya, Italian Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, French Somaliland, Abyssinia UK, British Somaliland, Kenya Colony, British India, Gold Coast, Colonial Nigeria, N. Rhodesia, S. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, South Africa, Free Ethiopians, Belgium, Belgian Congo, Free French 20 then 250+ 4+ VS Italy 74, Italian E. Africa 182 Eritrean & Somalians 156 6+ 230C |
| 1940 - 2 2 Siege of Malta. Malta UK, Malta, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia Supply: Free French, Greece, Poland, Norway, USA 30BuD 40Su 2AC 4C 19D 716F 369 64Gr 2.3ACXW 1.3CiX VS Italy 175 72%T 16Su, Germany 357 50U 23%M 2 2.3M 17.2X 2.3M |
|
Federation of Rhodesia & Nyasaland
1953 - 63 10
@ Salisbury
English
Constitutional Monarchy |
2nd Colony of Southern Rhodesia 1963 - 5 2
@ Salisbury
English
Constitutional Monarchy
| 1964 Northern Rhodesia independent |
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Republic of Rhodesia
1965 - 79 14
@ Salisbury
English |
Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
1979
@ |
3rd Colony of Southern Rhodesia 1979 - 80 1
@ Salisbury
English
Constitutional Monarchy |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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Kingdom of Sakalava
1500s
Madagaskar |
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@ Antananarivo
Malagasey
Malagasy mythology, Protestantism 1869
Absolute Monarchy
| 1675 - 1710 35 Andriamasinavalona (Andrianjaka navalondambo) |
1710 - 30 20 Andriantsimit
oviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka |
| 1730 - 70 40 Andriambelomasina |
1770 - 87 17 Andrianjafyn
andriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) |
1787 - 1810 23 Andrianampo
inimerina |
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@
| 1810 - 7 7 Merina Conquest of Madagascar Merina Kingdom
British Empire France |
| 1894 - 5 1 2nd Madagascar expedition France Merina dynasty of Madagascar |
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@
| 1942 Battle of Madagascar. UK, North Rhodesia, South Africa, Australia 1015 620 107X 280W 1B HD 1Ta VS German Empire Vichy France, Japan 8 150X 500W 1MSu |
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Kingdom of Tsitambala
1600s
@ Madagaskar |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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1652 Cape Town founded by Dutch East India Company in South Africa. |
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1652 Cape Town founded by Dutch East India Company in South Africa.
1779 - 1879 100 Xhosa Wars between British & Boer settlers & Xhosas in South African Republic
| 1795 1st seizure of Cape Colony from Dutch |
1779 - 81 2 1st Xhosa War. South Africa. Britain vs Xhosa. |
1789 - 93 4 2nd Xhosa War. South Africa. |
1799 - 1803 4 3rd Xhosa War. South Africa. |
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| 1795 Battle of Muizenberg. |
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@ Cape Town
English, Dutch
Dutch Reformed Church, Anglican
Constitutional Monarchy
| 1810 Seizure of Cape Colony |
1811 - 12 1 4th Xhosa War. South Africa. British Empire vs Xhosa Tribes |
| 1818 - 9 1 5th Xhosa War. South Africa. British Empire,
Khoikhoi Forces, Forces of Xhosa, Chief Maqana Nxele |
1834 - 62 6th Xhosa War British Empire
Free Khoikhoi Xhosa Tribes
| 1835 Boers start Great Trek |
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| 1846 - 7 1 7th Xhosa War War of Axe British Empire Xhosa Tribes South Africa |
1848 Battle of Boomplaats  |
| 1850 - 3 3 8th Xhosa War
Mlanjenis War British Empire Xhosa Tribes
Khoikhoi Tribes
Native Kafir Police South Africa |
| 1880 - 1 1 Basuto Gun War Basotho Tribes Cape Colony |
| 1873 - 4 1 3rd AngloAshanti War. South Africa. British Empire vs Ashanti Empire |
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Union of South Africa
1910 - 61 51
@ Cape Town (legislative)
Pretoria (administrative)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Pietermaritzburg(archival)
Dutch, English, Afrikaans (after 1925)
Constitutional Monarchy
| 1915 Battle of Kakamas South Africa |
| 1918 Battle of Megiddo. Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria British Empire, UK, British India, Australia, New Zealand, Union of South Africa, France, Hejaz 57 12 540G VS Ottomans, Germany 32 3C 402G 29XWC |
1924 Northern Rhodesia becomes a protectorate
|
| 1934 Purified National Party advocates Apharteid in South Africa |
| 1940 1 1 East African Campaign. Sudan, British Somaliland, Colonial Kenya, Italian Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, French Somaliland, Abyssinia UK, British Somaliland, Kenya Colony, British India, Gold Coast, Colonial Nigeria, N. Rhodesia, S. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, South Africa, Free Ethiopians, Belgium, Belgian Congo, Free French 20 then 250+ 4+ VS Italy 74, Italian E. Africa 182 Eritrean & Somalians 156 6+ 230C |
| 1940 - 2 2 Siege of Malta. Malta UK, Malta, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia Supply: Free French, Greece, Poland, Norway, USA 30BuD 40Su 2AC 4C 19D 716F 369 64Gr 2.3ACXW 1.3CiX VS Italy 175 72%T 16Su, Germany 357 50U 23%M 2 2.3M 17.2X 2.3M |
| 1941 Operation Crusader. Egypt, Libya UK, South Africa, New Zealand, India, Poland, Czechloslovakia 118 17.7 738T 800 724 616Ser 300 VS Germany, Italy 119 38.3 390414T 340 536 342Ser 332 |
| 1941 Battle of Gazala. Libya Germany 3.4, Italy 90 560T 400 VS UK, India, South Africa, Free French 110 50XWC 843T 1.2 |
| 1942 Battle of Madagascar. UK, North Rhodesia, South Africa, Australia 1015 620 107X 280W 1B HD 1Ta VS German Empire Vichy France, Japan 8 150X 500W 1MSu |
| 1942 1st Battle of El Alamein. Egypt UK, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa 150 13.3 179T 1+A 1.5+ VS Germany 10, Italy 90 70T 500 |
| 1942 2nd Battle of El Alamein. Egypt UK India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Free French, Greece 195 13.6 1T 332500 435AC 892908A 1.5ATG 111 73050 530Ser 97VS Germany, Italy 116 30.6 547T 500 192AC 552A 4961ATG 254 770900 480Ser 84 |
| 1943 Dodecanese Campaign. Off Greece Germany, Italian Rep 1.2 15L VS UK, Kingdom of Italy, South Africa, Greece 4.8 6D 4CLD 4CHD 2Su 10MS&CD 113 |
| 1944 Gothic Line. Italy UK, USA, India, Canada, Poland, New Zealand, South Africa, Brazil, Italian Resistance, Greece 40 VS Germany, Italy |
| 1944 Warsaw Uprising. Poland Germany, + 1325 79X 7M 9W 2C 310T&AV 340Tr&C 22A 1 VS Polish Res 41.7 10X 5.26M 5W 15C, UK AF, USSR AF, South Africa AF, USA AF 2049 150200CiX 700CiDis |
1945 Spring Offensive in Italy. UK 633, USA 267, Poland, India, Brazil, New Zealand, South Africa, Italy, + 900 16.3 VS Germany, Italy 394 302
Decisive Allied victory German surrender in Italy Execution of Benito Mussolini Italian Social Republic disestablished |
| 1965 Southern Rhodesia declares unilateral independence |
1936 Restriction of representation of Black South Africans |
1948 Afrikaner National Party win power in South Africa |
1961 South Africa leaves Commonwealth |
|
@ Pretoria (executive)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Cape Town (legislative)
Constitutional Parliamentary Republic
1996 South Africa rejoins Commonwealth |
1979 Rhodesian settlement reached |
| 1990 Nelson Mandela freed |
| 1985 Britain isolated in Commonwealth over South African sanctions |
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Expansion Mtetwa Paramountcy Other Tribes South Africa |
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@ Kwa Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, & Ulundi, South Africa. Shaka forms West Zimbabwe & South Africa KwaBulawayo later Ulundi
| 1816 - 28 12 Zulu Wars of Conquest Zulu Kingdom Other remnants of Mtetwa Paramountcy. Shakas Zulu Kingdom becomes largest in Southern Africa. |
Shaka Zulu 1987
Shaka Zulu: Last Great Warrior 2005
| 1817 - 9 2 Ndwandwe Zulu War Forces of Shaka Zulu Forces of King Zwide |
1838 ZuluBoer War Battle of Blood River Voortrekkers Zulu kingdom
1838 Battle of Blood River Voortrekkers #464 #200S 3W VS Zulu 1020 3X |
| 1879 AngloZulu War British Empire
Colony of Natal Zulu Kingdom |
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@ Pretoria
Dutch, Afrikaans
Dutch Reformed Church
Republic
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@ Pretoria
Dutch, Afrikaans
Dutch Reformed Church
Colony
1877 - 9 2 9th Xhosa War. South Africa. British Empire,
Mfengu Tribe vs Xhosa Gcaleka Tribe
| 1879 Battle of Isandlwana. |
| 1879 Battle of Itombe. |
| 1879 Battle of Rorke's Drift. |
| 1879 Battle of Hlobane. |
| 1879 Battle of Ginginglovu. |
| 1879 Siege of Eshow. |
| 1879 Battle of Kambula. |
| 1879 Battle of Ulundi. |
|
1880 - 1 1 1st Boer War South African Republic British Empire
| 1880 Battle of Bronkhorstpruit. |
| 1881 Battle of Laing's Nek. |
| 1881 Battle of Schuinshoogte. |
| 1881 Battle of Majuba Hill. |
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@ Pretoria
Dutch, Afrikaans
Dutch Reformed Church
Republic
1888 De Beers diamonds founded by Cecil Rhodes (1853 1902 49), mining magnate. EnglishSouth African
Rhodes of Africa 1936
Rhodes 1996 TV |
| 1896 - 7 1 2nd Matabele War United Kingdom
British South Africa Police Northern Ndebele people,
Shona people |
1899 - 1902 3 2nd Boer War
| 1899 - 1900 Siege of Mafeking |
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| 1893 - 4 1 1st Matabele War United Kingdom
British South Africa Police
Tswana people Northern Ndebele people |
| 1824 - 1952 28 St. Michael & St. George Cathedral |
| 1830 - 4 4 St. Georges Cathedral, Cape Town |
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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@ Maseru
English
Constitutional Monarchy |
|
@ Maseru
English
Constitutional Monarchy
| 1966 Lesotho independence |
|
@ Maseru
English, Sesotho
Unitary Parliamentary Democracy & Constitutional Monarchy |
|
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1500s |
1600s |
1700s |
1800s |
1900s |
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| 1968 Swaziland Independence |
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